General Studies Paper-I

The UPSC General Studies Paper-I is the first paper of the UPSC Civil Services Examination Preliminary Exam. Below is a comprehensive list of topics typically included in the General Studies Paper-I syllabus:

1. Current Events of National and International Importance:

   • Latest happenings and events of national and international significance across various fields such as politics, economy, science and technology, environment, sports, etc.

2. History of India and Indian National Movement:

   • Ancient Indian history
   • Medieval Indian history
   • Modern Indian history
   • Indian National Movement and its various phases

3. Indian and World Geography:

   • Physical Geography of India and the World:
     • Geomorphology: Landforms and their evolution
     • Climatology: Climate types, weather, and climate change
     • Oceanography: Oceans, currents, and marine life
     • Biogeography: Ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation
   • Economic Geography of India and the World:
     • Agriculture and allied sectors
     • Industry and infrastructure
     • Transport and communication networks
     • Natural resources and environmental issues
   • Social Geography of India:
     • Population distribution and density
     • Urbanization and rural-urban migration
     • Demographic trends and issues

4. Indian Polity and Governance:

   • Indian Constitution:
     • Historical background, making of the Constitution, preamble, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, fundamental duties, amendment procedures, etc.
   • Indian Political System:
     • Structure of government: Executive, Legislature, Judiciary
     • Federalism, Center-State relations, and Interstate relations
     • Local self-government: Panchayati Raj and Municipalities
   • Public Policy:
     • Policy-making process, formulation, and implementation
     • Issues and challenges in governance, transparency, accountability, and citizen participation

5. Economic and Social Development:

   • Indian Economy:
     • Basic concepts of economics, national income, poverty, unemployment, inflation, and monetary policy
     • Economic growth and development: Planning, Five-Year Plans, economic reforms, and globalization
     • Economic sectors: Agriculture, industry, services, and their contribution to the economy
   • Social Sector initiatives:
     • Education, health, and human development
     • Poverty alleviation schemes, rural development, and social welfare programs
     • Sustainable development and inclusive growth

6. General Issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity, and Climate Change:

   • Environmental Ecology:
     • Ecology and ecosystem dynamics
     • Environmental degradation, conservation efforts, and sustainable development
   • Bio-diversity:
     • Types of biodiversity, conservation of biodiversity, and importance of biodiversity
   • Climate Change:
     • Global warming, greenhouse gases, climate change mitigation, and adaptation strategies

7. General Science:

   • Basics of physics, chemistry, biology, and environmental science
   • Scientific developments, inventions, and discoveries
   • Science and technology applications in daily life and national development