Botany

The NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) Botany syllabus covers various topics related to the study of plants, their structure, physiology, genetics, ecology, and evolution. Below is a comprehensive list of topics typically included in the NEET Botany syllabus:

1. Diversity in the Living World:

   • Taxonomy and systematics
   • Five kingdom classification
   • Plant kingdom classification (based on major groups like algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms)
   • Salient features and classification of plants

2. Structural Organization in Plants:

   • Morphology and anatomy of flowering plants
   • Tissues and tissue systems in plants
   • Meristematic tissues and their growth

3. Plant Physiology:

   • Transport in plants (water and minerals, transpiration, and translocation)
   • Photosynthesis (light reactions, Calvin cycle, C3, C4, and CAM pathways)
   • Respiration in plants (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain)
   • Plant growth and development (growth regulators, photoperiodism, vernalization)

4. Cell Structure and Function:

   • Cell theory and cell as a basic unit of life
   • Structure and functions of cell organelles (cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxisomes)

5. Plant Genetics and Biotechnology:

   • Mendelian genetics (laws of inheritance, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses)
   • Linkage and crossing over
   • Chromosomal theory of inheritance
   • Molecular basis of inheritance (DNA replication, transcription, translation, genetic code)
   • Gene expression and regulation
   • Genetic engineering and biotechnology applications in plants

6. Reproduction in Plants:

   • Sexual reproduction in flowering plants (flower structure, pollination, fertilization)
   • Asexual reproduction (vegetative propagation, types of vegetative propagation)
   • Plant growth and development (growth regulators, photoperiodism, vernalization)

7. Ecology and Environment:

   • Ecosystem structure and function
   • Energy flow and nutrient cycling in ecosystems
   • Ecological succession and ecosystem dynamics
   • Biodiversity and its conservation
   • Environmental issues (pollution, global warming, deforestation) and their management